6.2 Early web browsers At this point in time, two types of browsers were available to the early users of the WWW. The original browser developed by Berners-Lee had more sophisticated features but could only run on NeXT machines. The line-mode browser, on the other hand, could run on any platform but had fewer features…
6.4.3 TLS within the internet protocol stack TLS is located between the application layer and the transport layer in the internet protocol stack (a simplified version of the OSI protocol stack; see Figure 6.3). Figure 6.3: TLS within the internet protocol stack Because of this position, TLS provides security services (confidentiality, integrity, and authentication) to…
6.5.2 A typical TLS 1.2 connection The following figure shows the interplay of the TLS subprotocols in a typical TLS connection until TLS 1.2. The TLS 1.3 handshake is much more compact by eliminating one entire roundtrip from the earlier version. Figure 6.5: Overview of a typical TLS message flow without client authentication (up to…
6.6.1 Handshake protocol As in the earlier versions, the TLS handshake protocol allows Alice and Bob to agree on shared secret keys and corresponding symmetric cipher algorithms for establishing a secure channel. It supports three types of key exchange: The TLS handshake is performed when the client and the server communicate for the first time….
